舉個(gè)例子來(lái)看：

Consider a domestic company that imports specialty European steel not produced in the United States. Thanks to the tariffs, this company faces an instant 25 percent price increase. It will shift some of that cost onto its customers, making the final product more costly and thus less competitive at home and globally. Or the company might shift manufacturing abroad to gain access to cheaper materials.

設(shè)想一個(gè)美國(guó)公司主要進(jìn)口歐洲特產(chǎn)的鋼鐵，這種鋼鐵在美國(guó)是沒(méi)有的。由于關(guān)稅增加，這家公司馬上要面臨25%的價(jià)格上調(diào)。這一費(fèi)用的一部分就轉(zhuǎn)移到了消費(fèi)者身上。這樣做的結(jié)果就是，最終的成品價(jià)格更高，無(wú)論是在國(guó)內(nèi)還是國(guó)際市場(chǎng)，產(chǎn)品的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力都有所下降。公司也有可能把生產(chǎn)部門(mén)轉(zhuǎn)移到國(guó)外以便獲得更便宜的生產(chǎn)材料。

In both cases, the company probably takes a hit and might even lay off American workers. That’s what happened in the aftermath of President George W. Bush’s 2002 tariffs to the tune of 200,000 jobs lost in steel-consuming industries.

無(wú)論是哪種情況，公司都有可能遭受打擊，甚至進(jìn)行裁員。小布什2002年發(fā)布關(guān)稅政策之后，就出現(xiàn)了這樣的災(zāi)難，鋼鐵消耗行業(yè)失去了高達(dá)20萬(wàn)的工作崗位。